Compare Seychelles (2001) - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2005)

Compare Seychelles (2001) z South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2005)

	Seychelles (2001)	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2005)

Administrative divisions	23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse (on Mahe), Grand' Anse (on Praslin), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe La Rue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 28.27% (male 11,367; female 11,167) 15-64 years: 65.47% (male 25,453; female 26,737) 65 years and over: 6.26% (male 1,673; female 3,318) (2001 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, sweet potatoes, cassava (tapioca), bananas; broiler chickens; tuna fish	-
Airports	14 (2000 est.)	none (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 4 (2000 est.)	-
Area	total: 455 sq km land: 455 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of some nine islands
Area - comparative	2.5 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly larger than Rhode Island
Background	A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. Independence came in 1976. Socialist rule was brought to a close with a new constitution and free elections in 1993.	The islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908, except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. Famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. The islands have large bird and seal populations, and, recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 nm to 200 nm around each island.
Birth rate	17.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $249 million expenditures: $262 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)	-
Capital	Victoria	-
Climate	tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)	variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow
Coastline	491 km	NA km
Constitution	18 June 1993	-
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Seychelles conventional short form: Seychelles	conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none
Currency	Seychelles rupee (SCR)	-
Death rate	6.65 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)	-
Debt - external	$240 million (1999 est.)	-
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II; Grytviken, formerly a whaling station on South Georgia, is a scientific base
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Seychelles; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to Seychelles	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Claude Sylvestre MOREL chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400C, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 972-1785 FAX: [1] (212) 972-1786	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)	Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied the islands by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force
Economic aid - recipient	$16.4 million (1995)	-
Economy - overview	Since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence level. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings, and by tuna fishing. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign investment in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. The vulnerability of the tourist sector was illustrated by the sharp drop in 1991-92 due largely to the Gulf war. Although the industry has rebounded, the government recognizes the continuing need for upgrading the sector in the face of stiff international competition. Other issues facing the government are the curbing of the budget deficit and further privatization of public enterprises. Growth slowed in 1998-2000, due to sluggish tourist and tuna sectors. Tight controls on exchange rates and the scarcity of foreign exchange have hindered short-term economic prospects. The black market value of the Seychelles ruppee is half the official exchange rate; without a devaluation of the currency the tourist sector should remain sluggish as vacationers seek cheaper destinations such as Comoros, Mauritius, and Madagascar.	Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting finfish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly.
Electricity - consumption	148.8 million kWh (1999)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (1999)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (1999)	-
Electricity - production	160 million kWh (1999)	-
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne Seychellois 905 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m
Environment - current issues	water supply depends on catchments to collect rainwater	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol	-
Ethnic groups	Seychellois (mixture of Asians, Africans, Europeans)	-
Exchange rates	Seychelles rupees per US dollar - 6.0397 (November 2000), 5.6009 (2000), 5,3426 (1999), 5.2622 (1998), 5.0263 (1997), 4.9700 (1996)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 20-22 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2003) election results: France Albert RENE reelected president; percent of vote - France Albert RENE (SPPF) 66.7%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN (UO) 19.5%, Sir James MANCHAM (DP) 13.8%	-
Exports	$111 million (f.o.b., 1999)	-
Exports - commodities	fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports)	-
Exports - partners	France, UK, Netherlands, Italy, China, Germany, Japan	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the Lion Protect its Own Land)
GDP	purchasing power parity - $610 million (2000 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 3.1% industry: 26.3% services: 70.6% (1999)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $7,700 (2000 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	1.5% (2000 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	4 35 S, 55 40 E	54 30 S, 37 00 W
Geography - note	40 granitic and about 50 coralline islands	the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 20th century, live on South Georgia
Highways	total: 373 km paved: 315 km unpaved: 58 km (1997)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	$440 million (c.i.f., 1999)	-
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals	-
Imports - partners	South Africa, UK, China, Singapore, France, Italy	-
Independence	29 June 1976 (from UK)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	fishing; tourism; processing of coconuts and vanilla, coir (coconut fiber) rope, boat building, printing, furniture; beverages	-
Infant mortality rate	17.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	6% (1999 est.)	-
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president	-
Labor force	30,900 (1996)	-
Labor force - by occupation	industry 19%, services 71%, agriculture 10% (1989)	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 2% permanent crops: 13% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 11% other: 74% (1993 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (2001)
Languages	English (official), French (official), Creole	-
Legal system	based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34 seats - 25 elected by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional basis to parties winning at least ten percent of the vote; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 20-22 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - SPPF 61.7%, UO 26.1%, DP 12.1%; seats by party - SPPF 30, UO 3, DP 1 note: the 9 awarded seats are apportioned according to the share of each party in the total vote	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 70.69 years male: 65.17 years female: 76.37 years (2001 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 58% male: 56% female: 60% (1971 est.)	-
Location	Eastern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America
Map references	Africa	Antarctic Region
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,353 GRT/7,638 DWT ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	Army, Coast Guard, air wing, National Guard, Presidential Protection Unit, Police Force	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$13 million (FY93)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	2.8% (FY93)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 22,951 (2001 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 11,452 (2001 est.)	-
National holiday	Constitution Day, 18 June (1993)	-
Nationality	noun: Seychellois (singular and plural) adjective: Seychelles	-
Natural hazards	lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible	the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism
Natural resources	fish, copra, cinnamon trees	fish
Net migration rate	-6.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM]; Seychelles National Party or SNP (formerly the United Opposition or UO) [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]; Seychelles People's Progressive Front or SPPF [France Albert RENE] - the governing party	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	Roman Catholic Church; trade unions	-
Population	79,715 (July 2001 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	0.49% (2001 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Victoria	Grytviken
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 2 (1998)	0 (2003)
Radios	42,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km	-
Religions	Roman Catholic 90%, Anglican 8%, other 2%	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.5 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)	-
Suffrage	17 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: effective system domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands in the archipelago international: direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island countries and African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken
Telephones - main lines in use	19,635 (1997)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	16,316 (1999)	-
Television broadcast stations	2 (plus 9 repeaters) (1997)	0 (2003)
Terrain	Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs	most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes
Total fertility rate	1.83 children born/woman (2001 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	NA%	-
Waterways	none	-

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